Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Volume 3, Issue 1 , Pages 19-32 , February 2009

Effects of moderate (MF) versus lower fat (LF) diets on lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of clinical trials in subjects with and without diabetes

  • Yumei Cao, MD, MAS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 319 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA 16802 USA
    • ,
  • David T. Mauger, PhD

      Affiliations

    • The College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA USA
    • ,
  • Christine L. Pelkman, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
    • ,
  • Guixiang Zhao, MD, PhD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
    • ,
  • Stacie M. Townsend, MS, RD

      Affiliations

    • Nutrition Services Department, INOVA Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA USA
    • ,
  • Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 319 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA 16802 USA
    • Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 319 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA 16802 USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.

Received 17 October 2008 ,Accepted 23 December 2008.

References 

  1. NCEP Expert Panel . Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  2. Kris-Etherton PM, Yu S. Individual fatty acid effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(5 Suppl):1628S–1644S
  3. Mensink RP, Katan MB. Effect of monounsaturated fatty acids versus complex carbohydrates on high-density lipoproteins in healthy men and women. Lancet. 1987;1(8525):122–125
  4. Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(Suppl 1):S61–S78
  5. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, et al. Summary of American Heart Association diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2186–2191
  6. Sacks FM, Katan M. Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on plasma lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med. 2002;113(suppl 9B):13S–24S
  7. Baggio G, Pagnan A, Muraca M, et al. Olive-oil-enriched diet: effect on serum lipoprotein levels and biliary cholesterol saturation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;47:960–964
  8. Grundy SM, Florentin L, Nix D, Whelan MF. Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for reducing raised levels of plasma cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;47:965–969
  9. Grundy SM. Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for lowering plasma cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:745–748
  10. Perez-Jimenez F, Castro P, Lopez-Miranda J, et al. Circulating levels of endothelial function are modulated by dietary monounsaturated fat. Atherosclerosis. 1999;145:351–358
  11. Lopez-Miranda J, Jansen S, Ordovas JM, et al. Influence of the SstI polymorphism at the apolipoprotein C-III gene locus on the plasma low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol response to dietary monounsaturated fat. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:97–103
  12. Jansen S, Lopez-Miranda J, Salas J, et al. Plasma lipid response to hypolipidemic diets in young healthy non-obese men varies with body mass index. J Nutr. 1998;128:1144–1149
  13. Jansen S, Lopez-Miranda J, Castro P, et al. Low-fat and high-monounsaturated fatty acid diets decrease plasma cholesterol ester transfer protein concentrations in young, healthy, normolipemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:36–41
  14. Mensink RP, de Groot MJ, van den Broeke LT, et al. Effects of monounsaturated fatty acids v complex carbohydrates on serum lipoproteins and apoproteins in healthy men and women. Metabolism. 1989;38:172–178
  15. Ginsberg HN, Barr SL, Gilbert A, et al. Reduction of plasma cholesterol levels in normal men on an American Heart Association Step 1 diet or a Step 1 diet with added monounsaturated fat. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:574–579
  16. Berry EM, Eisenberg S, Friedlander Y, et al. Effects of diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins—the Jerusalem Nutrition Study. II. Monounsaturated fatty acids vs carbohydrates. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:394–403
  17. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PC, Kelley DS. Low-fat diets do not lower plasma cholesterol levels in healthy men compared to high-fat diets with similar fatty acid composition at constant caloric intake. Lipids. 1995;30:969–976
  18. Perez-Jimenez F, Espino A, Lopez-Segura F, et al. Lipoprotein concentrations in normolipidemic males consuming oleic acid-rich diets from two different sources: olive oil and oleic acid-rich sunflower oil. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:769–775
  19. Lopez-Segura F, Velasco F, Lopez-Miranda J, et al. Monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet decreases plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:82–88
  20. Castro P, Miranda JL, Gomez P, et al. Comparison of an oleic acid enriched-diet vs NCEP-I diet on LDL susceptibility to oxidative modifications. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54:61–67
  21. Kris-Etherton PM, Pearson TA, Wan Y, et al. High-monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:1009–1015
  22. Curb JD, Wergowske G, Dobbs JC, Abbott RD, Huang B. Serum lipid effects of a high-monounsaturated fat diet based on macadamia nuts. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:1154–1158
  23. Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J, Pinillos MD, et al. A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improve glucose metabolism in healthy young persons. Diabetologia. 2001;44:2038–2043
  24. Perez-Martinez P, Gomez P, Paz E, et al. Interaction between smoking and the Sstl polymorphism of the apo C-III gene determines plasma lipid response to diet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001;11:237–243
  25. Rajaram S, Burke K, Connell B, Myint T, Sabate J. A monounsaturated fatty acid-rich pecan-enriched diet favorably alters the serum lipid profile of healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2001;131:2275–2279
  26. Perez-Martinez P, Ordovas JM, Lopez-Miranda J, et al. Polymorphism exon 1 variant at the locus of the scavenger receptor class B type I gene: influence on plasma LDL cholesterol in healthy subjects during the consumption of diets with different fat contents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:809–813
  27. Moreno JA, Perez-Jimenez F, Marin C, et al. The effect of dietary fat on LDL size is influenced by apolipoprotein E genotype in healthy subjects. J Nutr. 2004;134:2517–2522
  28. Sanders TA, Oakley FR, Crook D, Cooper JA, Miller GJ. High intakes of trans monounsaturated fatty acids taken for 2 weeks do not influence procoagulant and fibrinolytic risk markers for CHD in young healthy men. Br J Nutr. 2003;89:767–776
  29. Bravo-Herrera MD, Lopez-Miranda J, Marin C, et al. Tissue factor expression is decreased in monocytes obtained from blood during Mediterranean or high carbohydrate diets. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004;14:128–132
  30. Garg A, Bonanome A, Grundy SM, Zhang ZJ, Unger RH. Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:829–834
  31. Parillo M, Rivellese AA, Ciardullo AV, et al. A high-monounsaturated-fat/low-carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1992;41:1373–1378
  32. Garg A, Grundy SM, Koffler M. Effect of high carbohydrate intake on hyperglycemia, islet function, and plasma lipoproteins in NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:1572–1580
  33. Garg A, Grundy SM, Unger RH. Comparison of effects of high and low carbohydrate diets on plasma lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity in patients with mild NIDDM. Diabetes. 1992;41:1278–1285
  34. Garg A, Bantle JP, Henry RR, et al. Effects of varying carbohydrate content of diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1994;271:1421–1428
  35. Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ, et al. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. JAMA. 2005;294:2455–2464
  36. Rivellese AA, Giacco R, Genovese S, et al. Effects of changing amount of carbohydrate in diet on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in type II diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1990;13:446–448
  37. Parillo M, Giacco R, Ciardullo AV, Rivellese AA, Riccardi G. Does a high-carbohydrate diet have different effects in NIDDM patients treated with diet alone or hypoglycemic drugs?. Diabetes Care. 1996;19:498–500
  38. Berglund L, Lefevre M, Ginsberg HN, et al. Comparison of monounsaturated fat with carbohydrates as a replacement for saturated fat in subjects with a high metabolic risk profile: studies in the fasting and postprandial states. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:1611–1620
  39. Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-analysis. Orlando, Fl: Academic Press; 1985;
  40. Lau J, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Schmid CH, Olkin I. The case of the misleading funnel plot. BMJ. 2006;333:597–600
  41. Gordon DJ, Rifkind BM. High-density lipoprotein—the clinical implications of recent studies. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1311–1316
  42. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation. 1989;79:8–15
  43. Hokanson JE, Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1996;3:213–219
  44. Jiang R, Schulze MB, Li T, et al. Non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B predict cardiovascular disease events among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1991–1997
  45. Garg A. High-monounsaturated-fat diets for patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(3 Suppl):577S–582S
  46. Blades B, Garg A. Mechanisms of increase in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations as a result of high carbohydrate intakes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:996–1002
  47. Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P. Healthy traditional Mediterranean diet: an expression of culture, history, and lifestyle. Nutr Rev. 1997;55:383–389
  48. Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ, Aravanis C, et al. The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;124:903–915
  49. Rudel LL, Haines JL, Sawyer JK. Effects on plasma lipoproteins of monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of African green monkeys. J Lipid Res. 1990;31:1873–1882
  50. Rudel LL, Haines J, Sawyer JK, et al. Hepatic origin of cholesteryl oleate in coronary artery atherosclerosis in African green monkeys. Enrichment by dietary monounsaturated fat. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:74–83
  51. Rudel LL, Parks JS, Sawyer JK. Compared with dietary monounsaturated and saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat protects African green monkeys from coronary artery atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1995;15:2101–2110
  52. Parks JS, Kaduck-Sawyer J, Bullock BC, Rudel LL. Effect of dietary fish oil on coronary artery and aortic atherosclerosis in African green monkeys. Arteriosclerosis. 1990;10:1102–1112
  53. Rudel LL, Bond MG, Bullock BC. LDL heterogeneity and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1985;454:248–253
  54. Rudel LL, Leathers CW, Bond MG, Bullock BC. Dietary ethanol-induced modifications in hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina). Arteriosclerosis. 1981;1:144–155
  55. Rudel LL, Johnson FL, Sawyer JK, Wilson MS, Parks JS. Dietary polyunsaturated fat modifies low-density lipoproteins and reduces atherosclerosis of nonhuman primates with high and low diet responsiveness. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:463S–470S
  56. Rudel LL, Kelley K, Sawyer JK, Shah R, Wilson MD. Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids promote aortic atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-null, human ApoB100-overexpressing transgenic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1818–1827
  57. Reaven GM. The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:391–406

PII: S1933-2874(08)00972-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.12.008

Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Volume 3, Issue 1 , Pages 19-32 , February 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution