Attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in coronary artery disease

Kauffman, Amy B.; Olson, Kari L.; Youngblood, Morgan L.; Zadvorny, Emily B.; Delate, Thomas; Merenich, John A.; Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service Study Group,

doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2010.03.002

« Previous Next »Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Volume 4, Issue 3 , Pages 173-180, May 2010

Attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in coronary artery disease

Presented at American Heart Association Scientific Sessions, Orlando, FL; November 17, 2009.

Amy B. Kauffman, PharmD
- Pharmacy Department, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 16601 E. Centretech Parkway, Aurora, CO 80011, USA and University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO, USA
- Corresponding author.
Kari L. Olson, BSc(Pharm), PharmD
- Pharmacy Department, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 16601 E. Centretech Parkway, Aurora, CO 80011, USA and University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO, USA
Morgan L. Youngblood, PharmD
- Pharmacy Department, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
Emily B. Zadvorny, PharmD
- Pharmacy Department, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 16601 E. Centretech Parkway, Aurora, CO 80011, USA and University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO, USA
Thomas Delate, PhD, MS
- Pharmacy Department, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 16601 E. Centretech Parkway, Aurora, CO 80011, USA and University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO, USA
John A. Merenich, MD
- Department of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente Colorado and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service Study Group

Received 24 February 2010; accepted 5 March 2010. published online 17 March 2010.

Background

The National Cholesterol Education Program Guidelines offer an optional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal of less than 70 mg/dL for very high-risk patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study evaluated the extent to which this recommendation can be attained by the use of currently available lipid-lowering therapies.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients in the Kaiser Permanente Colorado healthcare system 18 years of age or older with CAD and a predetermined LDL-C goal less than 70 mg/dL. The LDL-C most proximal, but within 1 year before April 1, 2008, was deemed the qualifying LDL-C and used to determine LDL-C goal attainment. Lipid-lowering medication(s) for those attaining goal and factors associated with failure to attain LDL-C goal also were identified.

Results

A total of 7427 patients were included in the study. A total of 3226 patients attained a LDL-C less than 70 mg/dL. The majority (92.4%) attaining goal were receiving statin monotherapy or in combination compared with 81.3% not at goal (P < .001). More than one-half attained goal on statin monotherapy with 70.7% at moderate- to high-potency doses and 87.4% on generically available statin. Nearly one-third attaining goal received statin in combination. Ezetimibe (70.6%) was most frequently used with statin. Factors independently associated with failure to attain a LDL-C less than 70 mg/dL were age younger than 65 years, patients not receiving statin, a history of creatine kinase elevation, and female sex.

Conclusion

This study reports the greatest rate of LDL-C less than 70 mg/dL goal attainment in a very high-risk population with CAD to date. However, despite a system dedicated to aggressively treat to a LDL-C goal of less than 70 mg/dL, success in the majority is a challenge with the currently available therapies.

Keywords: Cardiovascular, Cholesterol, Hyperlipidemia, Coronary artery disease, Cardiovascular risk factors, Lipids, LDL, Statins, LDL goal